per defectionem dicere AG

1) отпадение, отложение (alicujus ab aliquo, ad aliquem L etc.)

2) уменьшение, исчезновение, недостаток, убыль (aquarum Frontin; pecuniae Macr)

3) ритор. эллипсис ( per defectionem dicere AG)

dēfectĭo, ōnis, f. [deficio].

Defection, desertion, rebellion, revolt.

Lit.:

rebellio facta post deditionem, defectio datis obsidibus,

Caes. B. G. 3, 10; 5, 26; 6, 3, 4; Liv. 7, 42; 23, 12: Ampsivariorum a tergo, in the rear (of Caesar), Tac. A. 2, 8; 4, 24 et saep.:

subita defectio Pompeii,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4 al.:

imperii,

from the empire, Just. 41, 2, 1.—

Trop.:

intemperantia, quae est a tota mente et a recta ratione defectio,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 22.—

(Acc. to deficio, no. III.) A failing, failure, deficiency, want, disappearance.

Lit. (so most freq.):

ista ipsa defectio virium adolescentiae vitiis efficitur saepius quam senectutis,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 29:

aquarum, Frontin. Aquaed. 91: pecuniae,

Macr. Sat. 2, 5:

rerum,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2.—

Esp. of the obscuration of the heavenly bodies, an eclipse:

solis defectiones itemque lunae praedicuntur in multos annos,

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 17; 1, 49 fin.; id. N. D. 2, 61; id. Rep. 1, 14 fin.; Sen. Q. N. 1, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 47; Tac. A. 1, 28 et saep.—

Also (sc. virium), exhaustion, faintness, swooning, fainting (post-Aug. prose), Plin. 23, praef. §

4: animae,

a swoon, Cels. 7, 33; Suet. Cal. 50:

alvo usque ad defectionem soluta,

id. Vesp. 24; cf. id. Tib. 73:

recreandae defectioni cibum adferre,

Tac. A. 6, 56 (50); cf.: defectione perire, by exhaustion, i. e. by disease, Sen. N. Q. 2, 59, 11:

in cunctis renibus,

Vulg. Nahum 2, 10.—

In the later grammarians, an ellipsis:

dicere aliquid per defectionem,

by ellipsis, elliptically, Gell. 5, 8, 3; 12, 14, 3; Macr. Sat. 6, 8 al.—

Trop.:

Quintus frater omnia mittit spei plena, metuens credo defectionem animi mei,

my want of courage, despondency, Cic. Att. 3, 18.

specto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [id.], to look at, behold; to gaze at, watch, observe, etc. (freq. and class.; syn.: adspicio, speculor, conspicor, contueor).

Lit.

In gen.

With acc.:

speculum a speciendo, quod ibi se spectant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 129 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 6, §

82 ib.: si vis videre ludos jucundissimos... amores tuos si vis spectare,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 81:

spectare aliquid et visere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

taceas, me spectes,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 90:

quid illas spectas?

id. Rud. 3, 4, 54; id. Am. 1, 1, 268:

ere, ne me spectes,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 18:

corpora,

Lucr. 4, 1102:

ingentes acervos,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 24:

gaude quod spectant oculi te mille loquentem,

id. Ep. 1, 6, 19:

cum modo me spectas oculis protervis,

Ov. H. 16 (17), 77:

spectari tergo,

id. A. A. 3, 774:

Zoroaster primus siderum motus diligentissime spectasse dicitur,

Just. 1, 1, 9.—

With rel.clause:

tacitus te sequor, Spectans quas tu res hoc ornatu geras,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 2:

specta quam arcte dormiunt,

id. Most. 3, 2, 144; cf.:

saepe tui, specto, si sint in litore passus,

Ov. H. 18 (19), 27.—

Absol.:

vise, specta tuo arbitratu,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 106: Am. Sosia, age me huc aspice. So. Specto, id. Am. 2, 2, 119:

quam magis specto, minus placet mihi hominis facies,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 19:

alte spectare,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:

populo spectante,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 60.—

With ad, in, per, or adv. of place:

spectare ad carceris oras,

Enn. Ann. 1, 102:

quaeso huc ad me specta,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 149; so, ad me, Afran. ap. Isid. Orig. 12, 8, 16:

ad dexteram,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1:

tota domus, quae spectat in nos solos,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58:

ego limis specto Sic per flabellum clanculum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 53:

quoquo hic spectabit, eo tu spectato simul,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 69.—

Impers. pass. with subj. or final clause:

cum plausu congregari feros (pisces) ad cibum assuetudine, in quibusdam vivariis spectetur,

Plin. 10, 70, 89, § 193:

spectandum ne quoi anulum det,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 33. —

With inf.:

spectet currere Gangem,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 629:

minaces ire per caelum faces specta,

id. ib. 325.—

In partic.

To look at or see (a play or an actor) as a spectator, to look on:

fabulam,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 37:

Megalesia,

Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 190:

ludos,

id. S. 2, 6, 48; 2, 8, 79; id. Ep. 2, 1, 203; Suet. Aug. 40; 53 al.:

Circenses,

id. ib. 45; id. Claud. 4:

pugiles,

id. Aug. 45:

artifices saltationis,

id. Tit. 7 al. —With inf.:

spectavi ego pridem Comicos ad istum modum Sapienter dicta dicere atque is plaudier,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 23:

matronae tacitae spectent, tacitae rideant,

id. Poen. prol. 32:

jam hic deludetur (Amphitruo), spectatores, vobis spectantibus,

id. Am. 3, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. prol. 151. —Hence, very often in inscrr. and tesseris: GLADIATORIIS SP., i. e. spectatus, of a gladiator who had stood the first public fight, Inscr. Orell. 2561 sq.; cf.: Morcelli delle tessere degli spettacoli Roma, Becker, Antiq. 4, p. 562.—

Of localities, to look, face, lie, be situated towards any quarter (syn.: prospicio, vergo); constr. usu. with ad, in, inter, etc., or an adv. of place; less freq. with acc.:

(hujus insulae) alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13; so,

ad orientem solem,

id. ib. 7, 69:

ad fretum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 169:

ager, qui in ventum Favonium spectet,

Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 1:

in urbem... in Etruriam,

Liv. 5, 5;

v. also infra: Aquitania spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones,

is situated to the north - west, Caes. B. G. 1, 1 fin.: quare fit, ut introversus et ad te Spectent atque ferant vestigia se omnia prorsus, Lucil. ap. Non. 402, 7; cf.:

ut ora eorum deorsum spectent,

Col. 12, 16, 4:

vestigia Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 75:

quo (villae) spectent porticibus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 4: Creta altior est, quā spectat orientem, Sall. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 23 (H. 3, 58 Dietsch):

Acarnania solem occidentem et mare Siculum spectat,

Liv. 33, 17, 5:

mediterranea regio est, orientem spectat,

id. 25, 9, 10; 30, 25, 11:

quae et Tanaim et Bactra spectant,

Curt. 7, 7, 4; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 15; Vell. 1, 11, 3:

ab eo latere, quo (Gadis) Hispaniam spectat,

Plin. 4, 21, 36, § 120; 6, 17, 20, § 53.— Transf., of nations:

Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 6:

Masaesyli in regionem Hispaniae spectant,

Liv. 28, 17.—

To examine, try, test:

(argentum) dare spectandum,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 35:

ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum, Tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides,

Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 25; cf.:

qui pecuniā non movetur... hunc igni spectatum arbitrantur,

as having stood the test of fire, Cic. Off. 2, 11, 38; cf. spectatio, I. B., and spectator, I. B.—

Trop.

In gen., to look at, behold, see, regard, consider (very rare):

specta rem modo!

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14:

audaciam meretricum specta,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 24:

importunitatem spectate aniculae,

id. And. 1, 4, 4:

suave, E terrā magnum alterius spectare laborem,

Lucr. 2, 2: caeli signorum admirabilem ordinem spectat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 402, 17:

ad te unum omnis mea spectat oratio,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 5.—

In partic.

To look to a thing, as to an end or guide of action; hence, to have in view, bear in mind; to aim, strive, or endeavor after; to meditate; to tend, incline, refer, pertain, or have regard to a thing (freq. and class.;

syn.: contendo, pertineo, tendo): juvenes magna spectare et ad ea rectis studiis debent contendere,

Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45:

nec commune bonum poterant spectare,

Lucr. 5, 958:

rem, non hominem, spectari oportere,

Auct. Her. 1, 6, 9:

nihil spectat nisi fugam,

Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1:

Pompeius statuisse videtur, quid vos in judicando spectare oporteret,

id. Mil. 6, 15:

nos ea, quae sunt in usu vitāque communi, non ea quae finguntur aut optantur spectare debemus,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

ingenti consensu defectionem omnes spectare,

Liv. 22, 22, 21:

arma et bellum,

id. 3, 69, 2:

Romani, desperatā ope humanā, fata et deos spectabant,

id. 5, 16, 8; Curt. 9, 7, 2; Just. 13, 1, 8:

tota domus quae spectat in nos solos,

relies on, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58:

in philosophiā res spectatur, non verba penduntur,

id. Or. 16, 51:

mores,

id. Off. 2, 20, 69; so (with sequi) id. de Or. 2, 50, 204:

quem locum probandae virtutis tuae spectas?

do you seek? Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

noli spectare, quanti homo sit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14:

me spectasse semper, ut tibi possem quam maxime esse conjunctus,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

ad imperatorias laudes,

id. Vatin. 10, 24:

ad suam magis gloriam quam ad salutem rei publicae,

id. Sest. 16, 37:

ad vitulam,

Verg. E. 3, 48:

cum plebes Nolana de integro ad defectionem spectaret,

Liv. 23, 16, 2; so id. 23, 6, 4:

ab scelere ad aliud spectare mulier scelus,

id. 1, 47, 1; 34, 56, 10.—Of subjects not personal:

et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

Cic. Or. 59, 200:

ad arma rem spectare,

id. Fam. 14, 5, 1; cf.:

rem ad seditionem spectare,

Liv. 25, 3, 19:

ad vim spectare res coepit,

id. 1, 9, 6; cf.:

si ad perniciem patriae res spectabit,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 90:

aliquid anquirunt, quod spectet et valeat ad bene beateque vivendum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 6:

ea non tam ad religionem spectant, quam ad jus sepulcrorum,

belong to, concern, id. Leg. 2, 23, 58:

quoniam de eo genere beneficiorum dictum est, quae ad singulos spectant: deinceps de iis, quae ad universos pertinent, disputandum est,

id. Off. 2, 21, 72; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 7: artem negabat esse ullam, nisi quae cognitis et in unum exitum spectantibus, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 92:

nostra consilia sempiternum tempus spectare debent,

id. ib. 2, 40, 169:

solvendi necessitas debitorem spectat,

Dig. 2, 14, 42:

res eo spectat, ut eā poenā non videamini esse contenti,

Cic. Lig. 5, 13:

hoc eo spectabat, ut eam (Pythiam) a Philippo corruptam diceret,

id. de Div. 2, 57, 118: summa judicii mei spectat huc, ut meorum injurias ferre possim, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 20, 46:

quo igitur haec spectat oratio?

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; cf. id. Phil. 13, 20, 46:

quorsum haec omnis spectat oratio?

id. ib. 7, 9, 26 et saep.:

quia quicquid ad corpus spectat, et immortalitatis est expers, vanum sit,

Lact. 3, 12, 33.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To judge of; to try, test (syn. probo):

nemo illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 28:

alicujus animum ex animo suo,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 22:

non igitur ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt, sed ex perpetuitate atque constantiā,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 31:

ex meo otium tuum specto,

id. Att. 12, 39:

quod ego non tam fastidiose in nobis quam in histrionibus spectari puto,

id. de Or. 1, 61, 258:

ubi facillime spectatur mulier, quae ingenio'st bono?

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 59; cf.:

hominem in dubiis periclis,

Lucr. 3, 55:

beneficium a deteriore parte,

Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2.—Hence, spectātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. B. 2.).

Tried, tested, proved (syn.: probatus, cognitus): tuam probatam et spectatam maxime adulescentiam, Lucil. ap. Non. 437, 14:

homines spectati et probati,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

fides spectata et diu cognita,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 7, 82:

pietas spectata per ignes,

id. F. 4, 37:

integritas,

Liv. 26, 49, 16; cf.:

homo in rebus judicandis spectatus et cognitus,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:

spectata ac nobilitata virtus,

id. Fl. 26, 63:

spectata multis magnisque rebus singularis integritas,

id. Phil. 3, 10, 26:

rebus spectata juventus,

Verg. A. 8, 151:

utebatur medico ignobili, sed spectato homine, Cleophanto,

id. Clu. 16, 47:

mores,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 4:

ni virtus fidesque vestra spectata mihi forent,

Sall. C. 20, 2.— Sup.:

id cuique spectatissimum sit, quod occurrerit, etc.,

let that be the best test of each, Liv. 1, 57, 7.—With subject-clause:

mihi satis spectatum est, Pompeium malle principem volentibus vobis esse quam, etc.,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 23 Dietsch.—

In gen., looked up to, respected, esteemed, worthy, excellent:

fecere tale ante alii spectati viri,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 47:

in perfecto et spectato viro,

Cic. Lael. 2, 9:

homines,

id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24:

castitas,

Liv. 1, 57, 10.— Comp.:

quo non spectatior alter,

Sil. 1, 440.— Sup.:

auctoritas clarissimi et spectatissimi viri atque in primis probati,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

spectatissima femina,

id. Rosc. Am. 50, 147.—Of things (Plinian):

paeninsula spectatior (with flumen clarum),

Plin. 4, 18, 32, § 107:

spectatius artificium,

id. 11, 1, 1, § 1:

spectatissima laurus,

id. 15, 30, 40, § 134.— Hence, adv.: spectātē, splendidly, excellently:

spectatissime florere,

Plin. 21, 1, 1, § 2:

spectatissime ministrere,

Amm. 28, 3, 9.

mōlior, ītus sum, īrī (moles), I) v. tr. durch angewandte Kraft in Bewegung setzen, von der Stelle-, vom Flecke bewegen, -rühren, fortbewegen, fortschaffen, fortschleudern usw., A) im allg.: a) v. lebl. Objj.: clauda et inhabilia navigia languide, Curt.: maiora onera postremis pedibus, von den Ameisen, Plin.: currum, emportreiben, Ov.: ancoras, aufwinden, lichten, Liv.: naves ab terra, losmachen, Liv.: montes sede suā, Berge versetzen, Liv.: unde horrifer aquilonis stridor gelidus molitur nives, in Masse herweht u. aufhäuft, Acc. fr. – poet., fulmina dextrā, fortschleudern, Verg.: u. so ignem, Verg.: ferrum, schwingen, Ov.: habenas, handhaben, lenken, Verg.: bipennem in vites, schlagen an usw., Verg.: sagittas in pectus, schleudern, Ov. – b) lebende Wesen, deren Körper od. Geist in Bewegung setzen (bringen), ultimas gentes aegre per praefectos suos moliebatur, Curt.: corpora ex somno, aus dem Schlafe reißen, Liv.: animum eius, Liv. 33, 49, 7. – B) prägn.: 1) etwas wankend od. weichen machen, ab-, aufbrechen, sprengen, untergraben, zerstören, obices portarum, Liv.: fores, Tac.: portas, Liv. u. Tac.: clausum aditum domus, Curt.: fundamenta murorum ab imo, Curt.: moliri ima et vertere ferro moenia, Lucan.; vgl. Drak. Liv. 24, 46, 5. – übtr., fidem, den Kredit wankend machen, untergraben, Liv. – 2)

————

den Boden umwühlen, umackern, umgraben, fodiens aut alio genere terram moliens, Colum.: u. so terram altius, Liv.: arva ferro, Lucr.: sabulum aegre moliuntur pedes, durchwaten, Curt.: übtr.: molire animum, bilde den Geist, Ov. art. am. 2, 119. – 3) etwas ins Werk setzen, gründen, schaffen, machen, erbauen, errichten u. dgl., a) konkr. Objj.: muros, arcem, Verg.: aditum per saxa, bahnen, Curt.: aedem, Flor.: nidos biformi accessu, Solin.: hoc opus (die schwebenden Gärten), Curt.: classem, Verg.: mille navium classem et exercitus, Curt.: in lapidibus ac parietibus et tectis moliendis occupati, im Auftürmen u. Aufbauen von usw., Sen. – absol., ubi ad moliendum clitellae defuerant, zum Anlegen des Bollwerks nicht ausgereicht hatten, Liv. – übtr., flumen stagnat insulasque molitur, läßt entstehen, setzt an, Curt.: stridor aquilonis molitur nives, erzeugt, Acc. fr. – b) abstr. Objj. = unternehmen, beginnen, schaffen, ictus, Curt.: aditum, Curt., viam, Verg., bahnen: nulla opera, Cic.: iter, fortsetzen, Cic.: super sua laude laborem, das mühsame Werk bestehen, Verg. – 4) ein Unternehmen, eine Tat usw. im Werke haben, mit etw. umgehen, auf etw. hinarbeiten, etw. beabsichtigen, im Schilde führen, zu bewerkstelligen suchen, vorhaben, erstreben, quid ille in praeda molitus sit, Cic.: nihil est quod moliare, dein Bemühen ist vergeblich, Cic.: moliri crimina et accusatorem,

————

anstiften, Tac.: Histricum bellum, Liv.: defectionem, Liv.: peregrinum regnum, Liv.: multa, Nep. – sibi opem, Verg.: struere et moliri alci aliquid calamitatis, Cic.: alci insidias, Cic.: bellum Antipatro, Curt.: sibi imperium, für sich nach der Herrschaft trachten, Tac.: letum patruelibus, Ov. – gratiam ab alqo, Petron. – id moliri, ut etc., Cic.: id moliri clam atque struere, ut etc., Liv.: id agere ac moliri coepit, ut etc., Liv.: nihil aliud moliri, quam ut etc., Nep. – mit folg. Infin., mundum efficere moliens deus, Cic. Tim. § 13: de quo molimur aliquid exquisitius dicere, Cic. or. 37: quae populus Carthaginiensis in nostram civitatem facere molitus est, ea etc., Liv. 29, 27, 4: u. so Amm. 23, 1, 7. Augustin. epist. 159, 4 u. serm. 1, 1. Val. Flacc. 3, 491 u. 6, 625. – 5) einen Zustand erregen, erwecken, erzeugen, moram, Verg.: morbos, Verg.: somnum, facultatem vorandi, Cels. – haec fere maxime sunt in animis iudicum oratione molienda, amor odium iracundia invidia etc., Cic. – II) v. refl., sich in Bewegung setzen, sich von der Stelle (vom Flecke) bewegen, -rühren, sich von der Stelle (vom Flecke) zu rühren suchen, sich abmühen, sich abarbeiten, a) eig.: viden ut misere moliuntur! nequeunt complecti satis, v. zwei Ringern, Plaut.: dum moliuntur, dum conantur, annus est, Ter.: pompa moliebatur, Apul.: evolabat iam e conspectu fugiens quadriremis, cum etiam ceterae naves suo in loco moliebantur, sich

————

noch auf ihrem Flecke rührten, sich abarbeiteten, Cic. – horā amplius iam in demoliendo signo permulti homines moliebantur, arbeiteten (mühten) sich ab, Cic. – m. Ang. von wo? moliens hinc Hannibal, aufbrechend, Liv.: moliri a od. ab terra, vom Lande abstoßen od. abzustoßen suchen (v. Schiffen u. Schiffahrern), Liv. – u. m. Ang. wohin? erat insula, in quam gladiatores navibus molientes (sich heranarbeitend) Germani nando praelabebantur, Tac. – b) übtr.: agam per me ipse et moliar (mich rühren), Cic.: – ⇒ Synk. Imperf. molibar, Ov. met. 2, 582. – Parag. Infin. molirier, Lucr. 5, 931 (934).